Management accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Management accounting - Essay Example It may be noted that the financial tool of ratio analysis has been used to make comments and comparisons between the two companies over their financial position and performance. During 2007 Intercontinental has not effectively improved upon its profitability performances in 2006. In fact it has maintained more or less the same level of profitability as was in 2006.The increases in profitability ratios in net profit and return on equity are deceptive. ROE has increased manifolds because capital employed has been reduced tremendously from $686m to mere $49m. Otherwise gross profit ratio that shows the real operative efficiency of the entity has dwindled and remained at almost the same level. Increase in return on capital employed is marginal. The overall efficiency on operational profitability has not improved. The profitability performance of Peel Hotels in 2007 has also gone down when compared with 2006. Gross profits and ROCE that show operational efficiency has shown declined performances. On the hand ROE, return on assets, net profit ratios that are affected by factors other than operation performances have shown increased performances. The result is that company has not improved upon its real profitability but shown efficiency only to attract investors and other interested users of financial statements. Both companies are facing liquidity crunch as reflected from their current and quick ratios. Both ratios are lower than the standards required to maintain optimum level of liquidity. The liquidity status is critical in both the years for each of the companies. The companies have to take some extraordinary steps to improve liquidity; otherwise both companies are facing the danger of short term insolvency. Intercontinental has low inventory turnover but it at least has maintained the same performance in 2007 as was in 2006. The company has shown improvement in collection of debtors but

Module 3 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 3 - Case Study Example To develop one’s plan of action for each child, aside from indicating their respective areas of interests, the additional information would could enhance the development and design of differentiated instructions include: preferences of using identified instructional materials (technological applications, games, or visually designed projects). Also, it would be helpful to determine from their respective parents the academic support accorded outside the classroom (use of computers, tutors, mentors, and other enriching activities). The information would help in the design of compacted and differentiated instruction; as well as in monitoring the performance of the child outside the traditional classroom setting. Actually, the strategies and recommended differentiated instructions were effective in achieving the identified goals. For Mark, it was important to gain interpersonal skills; aside from exhibiting excellence in the subjects which were noted. For Katrina, it was crucial to mitigate any potential negative impact of having to retain her to Grade 3 level. As such, it was correct to solicit the inputs of parents, as well as to refer the children for consultation and evaluation with the school psychologist, who could assess the condition of the children, their accurate competencies and skills, and the preferred intervention, as

Josef Mengele †the Angel of Death Essay Example for Free

Josef Mengele – the Angel of Death Essay After the war many Nazi doctors were tried at Nuremberg, for war crimes and crimes against humanity. Yet the man who became the most infamous Nazi doctor — although Hitler himself may never heard of him — fled to South America and escaped prosecution. He was never caught and convicted, though he lived for decades thereafter. Mengele, called Uncle by the countless children he subjected to gruesome experiments and unthinkable torture, and known as the Angel of Death in the concentration camps, was responsible for the torture and deaths of 400,000 people, and the torment of thousands more. The most important thing to note about Mengele is that he was not an isolated example of an evil maniac gone berserk. He was simply part of a system and a much wider network of Nazi doctors. His work may have been different from those of the other doctors only in quantitative terms not qualitative terms. Today, the Auschwitz experiments of Josef Mengele remain the most egregious example of the collaboration of unscrupulous researchers with equally unscrupulous senior scientists and prestigious scientific institutions – which is a phenomenon that could be happening on a wide scale in our own times, especially in matters of drug trials of giant pharmaceutical corporations. In 1947, the world learned of what is now the most infamous scandal in medical research: medical experiments conducted by Nazi doctors. Nazi doctors performed a variety of extremely disturbing experiments on prisoners in concentration camps. Some experiments were designed to further the war effort. For example, to study gunshot wounds, Nazi doctors shot inmates and examined their wounds. To study diseases such as typhus, Nazi doctors intentionally infected inmates with disease. To study human capacity to withstand exposure to cold, Nazi doctors stripped inmates and exposed them to icy water or blizzards. However, the majority of experiments had less to do with winning the war and more to do with promoting or substantiating Nazi ideology. Doctors were interested in sterilizing undesirables, curing homosexuality, and establishing anthropological differences between races. To find an effective means of mass sterilization, Nazi doctors injected hundreds of women with a caustic substance in the hope of obstructing their fallopian tubes, and inflicted severe burns and infections on both male and female prisoners by exposing them to high doses of radiation. To cure homosexuality, Nazi doctors injected hormones into inmates suspected of being homosexual. To catalog physical differences in race, Nazi doctors killed a number of prisoners, stripped the flesh off their bones, and saved their skeletons for an anthropological museum. Dr. Mengele is among the best known SS physicians at Auschwitz, and was responsible along with other SS doctors for selections and medical experiments that used prisoners as guinea pigs. Mengele could never have thought of himself as a monstrous psychopath, though, but only as a biomedical scientist participating in a broad program of racial research. During the Holocaust Mengele and many other Nazi physicians used thousands of camp inmates, especially those with disabilities and deformities as subjects for their biomedical racial research. Born in the Swabian section of Bavaria in 1911 into an upper middle-class family, Mengele eventually earned two doctorates. The first doctorate was in physical anthropology at Munich under Theodor Mollison in 1935 and the second was in medicine at Frankfurt under Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer in 1938. He received his license to practice medicine in late 1937 but apparently did not pursue certification in a specialty. Instead, he opted for research. As a student of anthropology, he had studied under the leading exponents of the life unworthy of living† theory and it greatly influenced his thinking and behavior. The notion that some lives were not worth living was rapidly becoming academically acceptable. His two dissertation supervisors were eugenicists, and his dissertations in anthropology at Munich and in medicine at Frankfurt both dealt with research in racial hygiene. After finishing his second doctorate, Mengele continued his research in Verschuers Frankfurt Institute for Hereditary Biology and Race Hygiene. As principal investigator, Verschuer supervised the research of numerous assistants under a variety of DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft German Research Foundation) research grants. Verschuer’s 1938 report to the DFG on this sponsored research, focusing on the genetic study of twins and families, lists the work and publications of his assistant Mengele. Although Mengele did not join the Nazi party until 1938, he belonged to the brown-shirt storm troopers, the SA, during 1933-34 and in 1938 joined the SS. As an SS member, he was drafted during the war into the Waffen SS instead of the Wehrmacht, advancing by 1943 to the rank of captain (Hauptstrumfuhrer). He served as an SS physician to the Eastern front until he was wounded and therefore posted to the concentration camp death head units in the rear. He functioned during 1943-1944 as one of the SS physicians at the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. In his new post, Mengele performed the usual duties of a concentration camp SS physician as well as the special Auschwitz assignment of directing selections for the gas chamber. In addition, Auschwitz opened up unlimited opportunities for the ambitious researcher. Research subjects were available in large numbers, and the restraints of medical ethics did not apply. Further, Mengele could compel highly skilled inmate physicians to design and conduct research, perform tests and autopsies, and produce research papers, without the need to share credit with them. It is therefore not surprising that Mengele used Auschwitz as a research laboratory. Otmar von Verschuer, Mengeles mentor who was himself a protege of Eugen Fischer, had left Frankfurt for Berlin in 1942 to succeed Fischer as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology. Mengele had worked at the institute during SS assignments to Berlin and thus continued to contribute to Verschuers research projects (Cefrey 62). When Mengele went to Auschwitz, Vershuer realized the potential of this posting, and as principal investigator, he carried Mengeles Auschwitz experiments on his DFG grants. Therefore, Mengele’s experiments — that often necessitated the killing of children, thousands of them (especially twins) — were part of the official program and in pursuing his shockingly macabre â€Å"research† he was only following the broad lines of Nazi research agenda. Driven by the desire to advance his medical career by scientific publications, Dr Mengele began to conduct all kinds of utterly atrocious medical experiments on living Jews, children, twins, disabled people, and all those who fell into the Nazi category of ‘Untermenschen’ – all of whom he took from the barracks of the concentration camp at Auschwitz, or ‘selected’ right away on their arrival, and brought to his hospital block. Mengele used the pretext of medical treatment to kill thousands upon thousands of prisoners, personally administering the horrific torture procedures, for example as by injecting them with phenol, petrol, chloroform, or by ordering SS medical orderlies to do so. From the moment of his arrival at Auschwitz, Mengele joined the other SS officers and SS doctors, among them Dr Clauberg and Dr Kremer, in the selection of Jews reaching the Auschwitz railway junction from all over Europe. With a movement of the hand or the wave of a stick, he indicated as unfit for work, and thus destined for immediate death in the gas chambers, all children, old people, sick, crippled and weak Jews, and all pregnant women. Between May 1943 and November 1944 Mengele conducted, also along with Dr. Heinz Thilo, scores of such selections. Mengele was especially on the lookout for twins and other promising research subjects (Lifton 165). He also took an equally decisive part in several selections in the camp infirmary, pointing out for death by shooting, injection or gassing those Jews whose strength had been sapped by starvation, force labor, untreated illness or ill-treatment by the guards. On May 26, 1943, only two days after he arrived at Aushwitz, Mengele committed his first mass murder. There was a typhoid epidemic in the barracks of over a thousand Gypsies who had been brought to the camp two months earlier. For Dr Mengele, typhoid was not an illness to be cured, but one to be eliminated; that day, all the Gypsies were dragged out of their barracks and driven to the gas chambers. Against their names in the camp register were put the letters SB Sondebehandlung, Special Treatment. This was just a sign of much worse things to come. In perpetrating a host of such ghastly medical and scientific experiments, Mengele was of course being an independent member of a larger cohort of wanton butchers. These Nazi doctors most brazenly forsook their Hippocratic Oath and armed themselves with scalpels, forceps, and needles in inflicting immeasurable pain and torture on hundreds of thousands of innocent people, a significant portion of them being children. Mengele regularly mailed the results of his research on twins to the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute. There scientists analyzed the samples of blood obtained before death and the organs obtained after dissection. It was a systematic, organized and purposeful enterprise. Though few of these doctors collected scientifically valid data and many of the experiments were expressions of pure pathological sadism, the Nazi doctors justified their acts of torture and inhumanity as attempts to improve German medicine and advance science. Mengele himself, through his research on twins, dreamed of being able to genetically engineer a flawless race. The ultimate goal was to produce an ideal race of Aryan men and women endowed with only the finest genetic traits, who would rapidly multiply and rule the world. (Lagnado, Dekel 61) Of the approximately 350 doctors who are estimated to have committed medical crimes, only about 20 doctors and 3 assistants were brought to justice in Nuremberg (Spitz 50). Some others were tried, and sentenced to in American military trials at Dachau. Still many doctors escaped, including one who would become the most infamous of them all, Dr. Josef Mengele. Human experimentation neither arose with the Nazis, nor ended with them; however, the history of human experimentation in the West is usually divided into two eras: before the Nazis and after. Mengele is by no means such a grotesque aberration as he may appear to be at first. Nazi doctors perpetrated some of the most horrendous actions during the Third Reich, but the shadows of Auschwitz and Nuremberg are long. Though Mengele escaped scot-free, we at least know about his evil deeds; there may be many others of his ilk alive today and even working in collaboration with reputed organizations whose work we may never even come to know. Works Cited Cefrey, Holly. â€Å"Doctor Josef Mengele: The Angel of Death† New York : The Rosen Publishing Group, 2001 Lagnado, Lucette Matalon; Dekel, Sheila Cohn. â€Å"Children of the Flames: Dr. Josef Mengele and the Untold Story of the Twins of Auschwitz. † New York : Penguin Books, 1992 Lifton, Robert Jay. â€Å"The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide† New

Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting Systems

Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting Systems Executive Summary Though, financial accounting and managerial accounting systems prepare and analyze the same financial data, they also differ in some aspects. For example the users of the information are different. Also the procedures for their preparations differ including the time frames. Cost accounting is another sphere of accounting that deals with the analysis of costs of products and activities in an organization. It forms a substantial part of managerial accounting since through it, the management can also make decisions. This paper analyzes the similarities a swell as differences between the two. Introduction Management accounting is and accounting system that provides the management with techniques that provide of an organization with information for purposes of internal use like decision making and effective control of the organizations resources. According to Enotes website (2010), procedures in management accounting provide information for decision makers in a company. Contrary, financial accounting procedures provide information to external users like the shareholders of a firm, government agencies, and creditors to the firm. Management accounting reports are usually generated anytime; daily, weekly, monthly, or quarterly. While individuals in an organization decide management accounting methods, financial accounting techniques must conform to external standards like the international financial accounting standards developed by financial accounting standards board (FASB). Cost accounting is often confused with management accounting. Cost accounting involves determining the cost of an activity while management accounting goes beyond to combine multiple management disciplines that contain financial information for internal decision making. Therefore cost accounting can be said to a necessary component of management accounting (Enotes website, 2010). Characteristics of management accounting procedures According to netTOM website (2010), management accounting procedures should posses the following procedures. They should be; Relevant for the purpose, complete, accurate, clear and precise to the manager, timely, communicated through the appropriate channel, less costly to provide and the volume should be manageable. The role of management accounting Management accounting plays the following roles within an organization: Planning: the information provided by management accounting procedures is vital in planning and budgeting processes. This is because such information contains various costs like pricing, product costs and capital expenditures. Control: the management is in a position to see which activities are not conforming to the plan from the reports provided by the management accounting (netTOM website, 2010). Organization: the management accountant can reinforce the organizational framework of the organization by tailoring the accounting structure to the organizational structure. Motivation: the managers and other staff are always motivated by the budgets prepared by the management accountant. Decision making: this is one of the major functions of management accounting procedures. Through the collection and analysis of data, the reports he or she presents to the managers assist in decision making (netTOM website, 2010). Similarities between financial accounting and management accounting Despite the two fields having numerous differences, there also many areas of similarities as specified below; Certification: both fields emphasize on certification. For one to be certified, he/she must pass the exams that are concerned in each field of specialization. Certifications come in form of certified management accounting and certified public accounting (Ehoh website, 2010). Review of historical data: both systems prepare reports basing on historical data review. In financial accounting, this is for comparison purposes of the business between the present and the past, while for management accounting, it is for determining the current performance of the organization and to come up with a business financial forecast of the future (ehow website, 2010). Measurement of the currency: the unit of measurement in generation of reports in the two systems is the currency. The reports generated are thereafter used to give tangible information to business owners or show the financial state of the business. They can also be used to plan and generate the budget for the business (ehow website, 2010). Terminology used: both systems of accounting use similar accounting terminology. E.g. debits and credits are used in both systems to describe the money that goes out and the money that go in to the business respectively (ehow website, 2010). Techniques: the accounting techniques employed by both the systems are basically the same. E.g. the technique that is used to determine the actual cost of the product (ehow website, 2010). Differences between Financial and managerial accounting Although both financial accounting and management accounting provide information to the user for decision making, there are various differences between the two as summarized in the table below. Financial accounting Management accounting Information from Financial accounting system is used by external parties to the organization like the creditors, shareholders etc Information from management accounting procedures is for internal use by the organizational management. Financial accounting reports provide information on financial performance of an organization over a given period of time and the state of affairs for the organization at the end of the period. Management accounting reports are for planning and control activities and also for decision making in an organization. It is compulsory according to the law for limited companies to prepare financial statements. Management accounting reports have no legal requirement. Financial accounting statements are an end to themselves as they dwell mainly on the whole organization aggregating costs and revenues from different departments. Management accounting information can not be an end to a product but rather aid in decision making. Also management accounting may give focus to specific areas and not every department. Essentially, a historical picture of a past operation is presented by financial accounting procedures. In management accounting, both the historical past of the immediate past and a future tool for planning is given. Financial accounting records should be provided for at least a period of 12 months. There is no time limit for management accounting records. The international accounting standards must be followed in the preparation of accounting statement (financial accounts of various companies can be compared). I.e. Generally accepted Accounting Principles must be followed (GAAP). There are no strict rules to govern management accounting record preparation (no need to follow GAAP). The records are used by managers of the organization and therefore there is no need for comparison. A specific format specified by the IAS is to be followed in the preparation for financial statements. There is no specified management accounting format and therefore no specific statements should be produced. The nature of financial statements most often is of financial nature. Management accounting information not necessarily money related. It can also be non-monetary. (NetTOM website, 2010) Types of management accounting reports Since management accounting is a vital part of the planning tool kit, you can find the following managerial reports within SAC:   Variance analysis: this usually determines the standard, projections and actual costs of an activity. One key element to the companys benchmark is the difference between the actual and the standard costs, i.e. how much it can cost to produce the same computer chip by two different computer manufacturers. The organization can analyze its planning processes using the projections or estimate variance analysis. Through variance analysis, there is a special field called bottleneck accounting that examines the relative costs and the variances created through production bottlenecks (lovetoknow website, 2010).   Cost analysis: this is a type of managerial accounting that analyzes the exact cost of a product. This usually starts with finding out the cost of direct expenses like materials and labor. There are other sophisticated management accounting techniques that include analysis of indirect expenses. They include cost projection accounting, calculating opportunity costs and facility overheads. These techniques essentially analyze alternative ways in which the company could have invested the funds (lovetoknow website, 2010). Activity based costing: this type of costing technique analyzes the cost of activities basing on their cost rather than the product. Its advantage is that it allows for deeper analysis of the companys interconnected parts. This method divides products into; Unit- level activities (production of one unit). Batch level activities (cost per batch). Product sustaining activities. Facility sustaining activities. The above report indicates Normal Costing System Per Unite Costs Retrieved from: http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/management_accounting_report/ Accounting reports prepared on profit performance for a company may also indicate some of the expected managerial accounting duties. The example below was drawn from ABC System Profit Performance. The example that follows indicates normal costing system profit performance. ABC System Profit Performance report retrieved from: http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/management_accounting_report/ Normal Costing System Profit Performance report retrieved from http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/management_accounting_report/ A business process like research development can be examined by either total cost analysis and/or cycle cost analysis. This is because both methods analyze the total expenses involved in a business activity. Therefore the two methods are very important n determining the companys profitability (lovetoknow website, 2010). Return on investment: this is a type of cost analysis that includes cost analysis naturally while measuring the direct returns as well as calculating the ratio (lovetoknow website, 2010). Projections: this include future estimate of the organization such as; demand, sales, expenses, necessary resources and the number of required employees. Projections form one of the most complicated areas of managerial accounting because of the difficulty ion predictions caused by inflation, consumer demand and material prices. Therefore, they are built on extensive modeling. Balanced scorecard: this usually includes standard financial measures. These measures include on perspectives of the customer on satisfaction, business process, innovation and perspective on learning (lovetoknow website, 2010). Digital dashboards: these are applications that are designed in the form of a cars dashboard to display critical business information. They provide needed information fat just at a glance. Through them, the manager is able to see the latest data about the company in the companys business contexts (lovetoknow website, 2010). Conclusion Management accounting and financial accounting are two major accounting systems used by various organizations. Despite their use, they are totally different. Whereas financial accounting is prepared after a certain period of time and used by external users, managerial accounting is prepared by the management accountant for internal use of the management and it has no specific format to be used hence no need for comparison with other organizations. The similarities of the two range from mandatory certifications, use of currency, terminology used to similar technology. Examples of managerial accounting reports available are the variance analysis, cost analysis, return on investment, projections and digital dash boards. References Ehow website, 2010: â€Å"Similarities of Financial and Managerial Accounting.† Retrieved on February 15, 2010 from: http://www.ehow.com/about_4853367_similarities-financial-managerial-accounting.html Enotes website, (2010). â€Å"Managerial Accounting.† Retrieved on February 15, 2010 from: http://www.enotes.com/biz-encyclopedia/managerial-accounting Lovetoknow website. (2010). â€Å"Managerial Accounting.† Retrieved on February 15, 2010 from: http://business.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Managerial_Accounting NetTOM website. (2010). â€Å"Financial and Management Accounting.† Retrieved on February 15, 2010 from: http://cbdd.wsu.edu/kewlcontent/cdoutput/TOM505/page11.htm

Exploring Motion And Force :: essays research papers

Exploring Motion and Forces Calculating Speed: Section 1 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The SI unit for distance is meters. q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The SI unit for speed is meters per second. q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the SI unit for time is seconds. Calculating Speed: Section 2 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When solving for speed, you are looking for meters per second (velocity). q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Your speed is 5 meters per second. 100/20 = 5 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You skate faster. Calculating Speed: Section 3 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When solving for speed, you are looking for meters per second (velocity). q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Her average speed was 9.37 meters per second. 200/21.34 = 9.37 Calculating Speed: Section 4 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When solving for time, you are looking to end up with distance over velocity. q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If a lightning bolt strikes the ground 1 km away from you, it will take .30 seconds for the sound to reach you. 100/330 = .30 Calculating Speed: Section 5 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the 60th floor is 219 m above the first floor, it would take the elevator 21.9 seconds to go from the 1st floor to the 60th floor. 219/10 = 21.9 Calculating Speed: Section 6 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It would take 5 hours to finish the race if the river was 130 km and you were traveling downstream. 10 km/hr is added to your speed of 16 km/hr because you are moving downstream. 130/26 = 5 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If you were traveling upstream, it would take 21.6 hours. 10 km/hr is subtracted from your speed of 16 km/hr because you are moving upstream. 130/6 = 21.6 Velocity and Speed: Section 1 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They have the same velocities. q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They have the same speeds. q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There is no difference between speed and velocity. Calculating Acceleration: Section 1 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The car’s average acceleration is 3 m/s2. q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The average acceleration is positive because the car is gaining speed. Calculating Acceleration: Section 2 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The roller coaster’s acceleration is 7.3 m/s2. Calculating Acceleration: Section 3 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The swimmer’s acceleration is .01 m/s2 during this interval. Calculating Acceleration: Section 4 q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The acceleration of the roller coaster is –5 m/s2. q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The average acceleration is negative because the roller coaster loses speed. Putting the Knowledge to Work: Hypothesis Question q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You can measure a runner’s speed by calculating distance traveled over time. q  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Running twice as far would take twice as much time if the runner is moving at a constant speed. Putting the Knowledge to Work: Data and Observations Putting the Knowledge to Work: Analysis Distance (meters)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0-5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5-10  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10-15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15-20  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20-25  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25-30  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30-35  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  35-40  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  40-45  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  45-50 Robbie’s Time (short)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .95  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.11  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .60  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .67  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Velocity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.26 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.50 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8.33 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.26 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15.63 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Acceleration  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.54 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -.68 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.38 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -1.60 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  26.16 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Duran’s Time (short)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .42  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.58  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .63  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .53  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Velocity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11.9 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.16 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.56 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.94 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.43 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Acceleration  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28.33 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -5.53 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.67 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.45 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.8 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Robbie’s Time (long)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .69  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .24  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .27  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.23  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .78  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .53  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .81  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .50  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .39 Velocity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.25 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.94 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20.83 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16.52 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.07 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .64 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9.43 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.17 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12.82 m/s Acceleration  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.5 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -2.54 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  74.54 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -15.9 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -10.1 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -4.40 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16.58m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -4.02 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.66 m/s2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7.23 m/s2 Duran’s Time (long)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .32  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.22  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .72  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .41  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .96  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  .8 Velocity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.86 m/s  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.

The Temptation of St. Pigsy, final paper :: essays research papers

Cacophonous Interpretations of the Buddhism is one of the prominent and influential religions and philosophies of the world. A basic tenet of Buddhism is that worldly desires and possessions cause all suffering. To absolve one’s self of necessities beyond basic human survival is one of the many plateaus that Buddhists strive to achieve. Furthermore, Buddhists free themselves from temptation via seclusion from society and attempt to allow nature to support them. They believe that Nirvana, the ascension to heaven, can be achieved by freeing oneself of earthly desires. A young prince named Siddartha, who grew up rich and happy, founded the religion. One day during his travels, he saw three things that immensely impressed him, to the point of changing his whole life: a cadaver, a baby being born and a beggar. Through this experience he concluded that human suffering is caused by the desire to possess; that the sacredness of human life was tarnished by material wants, and by possessions that could so easily be taken away from their owner. The beggar was poor because the rich did not provide him with the basic necessities or because he spent his time doing things that prevented him from supporting himself. The cadaver’s death could have been prevented depending on the cause of death in many different ways, and the infant, being brought into the world, was to have a life of poverty due to the fact that his mother and father gave in to the natural, worldly desire of sexual intercourse. Throughout history, many works of literature have been written about these notions. Saint Pigsey, the main character in Wu Ch’eng-en’s â€Å"The Temptation of Saint Pigsy,† is a demonstration of the difficulties encountered on the road to the achievement of Buddhist Salvation. Pigsy is a disciple of the Buddhist master Tripitaka. Tripitaka, Pigsy and two other disciples, Monkey and Sandy, were on their way to the West. Pigsy still has worldly desires: he is carrying a large baggage which contains possessions which he deems necessary for his comfort, but bitterly complaining because of its weight, and seeks to stop at a comfortable estate to sleep. Any person who is new to a religion experiences temptations to break its rules. This was one of those times for Pigsy and he insisted that the group stop there. Monkey and the others come along but proclaim that nature is their home and that the house is a symbol of human desire.

Difference Between Fasb and Iasb Essay

Major similarities between FASB and IASB: Same organizational structure FASB and IASB are each belongs to an organization that has four main bodies. Also, the internal structure and responsibility assignment of these organizations are basically the same. FASB and IASB are the standard setting board of the organizations. Other three parts of the organizations are there to support the standard setting process, such as selecting board members and deal with emergency issues (Kieso, et al. , p7-9). In addition, both boards have members from varies industries including accounting, finance, business and academia (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p283). Private entities Both boards are private entities that have been assigned the role and responsibility of developing and deploying Accounting Standards (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p284). By private, it means the standard setting process is not affected by politics. However, since the governments are also relying on standard set by these private institutions, both FASB and IASB are sensitive to politics to varies degree. Similar procedure of making rules Despite any internal and external influences, the procedure of drafting and publishing Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are similar. Generally, the process is as follows: discuss whether to add new project to agenda mostly based on recommendations from investors; plan for the project; draft the standard; vote and publish the standard once it is approved(FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board, n. d). However, since each board has different members and they are setting rules based on its own investor’s concern, also by other external influences, they produce distinct rules. Differentiations between FASB and IASB: Scope of operations The jurisdiction of the IASB could be the whole world of commerce and industry, include EU nations and states, the latter is confined mainly to the United States and its trade partners (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p303). Because of this, the citizenship of the trustees has become a problem. The IASC Foundation has huge pressure of balancing the culture background of the board member; nevertheless, European members are still the majority of the board with a proportion of nearly 50% (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p307-308). This problem shows that the IASB standard setting has more outside interference. Political settings Different political settings for FASB and IASB authorized them different degree of independence. In the US, the standards set by FASB are implemented unless the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) interferes and prevents it for being accepted. However, in the case of IASB, standards set by the IASB do not gain value and authority unless these are passed by the European Commission (EC) (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p291). Funding The FASB is now financed through an obligatory contribution system, and therefore sheltered against financial influence. The IASB is financially depending on noncompulsory contribution from financial institutions, thus there is relatively huge financial pressure on IASB. Recently IASB has taken significant steps to widen the source of funding but the degree of mprovement varies from countries (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p292-298). Which approach to support? I would like to say the FASB standard setting approach is more appropriate considering your accounting background. Since many of your clients are Fortune 300 companies who would find FASB more in harmony with their preparation and presentation of periodic accounting statements and records. FASB is also in line with most widely accepted accounting norms and practices in the US. With less external influence, more freedom in standard setting and sufficient funds, I believe the FASB standard setting process is more trustworthy.